•)KT  HAM) 


)GJ 


THUS,  MITCHELL. 


ALE:\  PJWNTBB. 


SHORT-HAND 

Phonography  for  the  Million. 

A  HSW  SYSTBB, 

OF 


BY 

THOS.  MITCHELL. 

LANSINQBURGH,  N.  Y. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the 
Northern  District,  of  the  State  of  New  York. 


LANSINGBURGH,  N.  Y. 
ALEXANDER  KIBKFATBICK,   PRINTER 

1858, 


IN  this  utilitarian  age,  it  becomes 
co  Indispensible,  in  order  to  reach  the 
*•»  popular  mind  so  as  to  receive  its  ap- 
oc  probation  and  patronage,  that  a  due 


i  consideration  should  be  paid  to  those 
questions,   which   are    everywhere 
5?  proposed,  in  regard  to  new  things  and 
n  theories  offered  to  the  public,  and  by 
1  which  their  merits  are  tested,  name- 
ly; what  are  they  good  for?  are  they 
!  of  moral,  intellectual,  or  pecuniary 
H  advantage?    We  are  also  aware  that 
things   purely  theoretic,    however 
beautiful,  or  even  truthful  they  may 

448374 


4  A   NEW    SYSTEM 

be,  claim  but  little  attention,  and  re- 
ceive less  compensation  for  the  labor 
bestowed  upon  them. 

We  are,  nevertheless,  satisfied  that 
while  the  system  of  Phonographic 
short-hand  writing  which  we  here 
offer  to  the  public,  is  beautifully  the- 
oretic, scientific  and  philosophical ; 
it  is  none  the  less  practical  and  fully 
adapted  to  answer  affirmatively  the 
above  questions  by  assuring  all  those 
who  acquire  a  practical  knowledge 
of  its  principles,  a  remunerative  com- 
pensation, at  least  equal  to  the  great 
majority  of  human  callings  and  avo- 
cations. 

A  practical  knowledge  of  our  ten 
principles  of  abbreviation  which  con- 
stitute the  system,  fully  qualifies 
whoever  possesses  it  to  write  as  rap- 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  5 

pidly  and  legible  as  is  required  for 
all  purposes  of  verbatim  reporting. 
And  it  is  also  true  that  children  who 
are  old  enough  to  attend  Public 
Schools,  can  as  easily  become  pro- 
ficients in  writing  and  reading  it  as 
they  can  at  any  other  branch  of  learn- 
ing there  taught.  Teachers  of  com- 
mon schools  may  acquire  a  sufficient 
theoretical  knowledge  of  its  princi- 
ples in  three  evening  lessons,  to  en- 
able them  to  introduce  it  into  their 

• 

schools,  and  to  teach  it  intelligibly 
to  the  youth  under  their  care ;  or 
they  may  with  a  little  more  difficul- 
ty, by  the  aid  of  our  class  book,  be- 
come thus  qualified  entirely  without 
a  living  teacher ;  and  if  they  are  not 
willing  to  do  this  at  so  trifling  an 
expense  who  will  say  such  axe 


€  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

per  persons  to  have  committed  to 
them  the  mental  training  of  the 
rising  generation? 

If  this  system  should  be  now  in- 
troduced into  our  Common  Schools, 
the  children  who  now  compose  them 
would  be  able  when  they  arrive  at 
that  age  which  introduces  them  into 
the  business  scenes  of  life,  to  write 
their  own,  and  the  thoughts  of  others 
at  the  rate  of  two  hundred  and  fifty 
words  per  minute,  while  ordinary 
public  speakers  only  utter  about  one 
hundred  and  sixty;  we  say  they 
would  be  rable  to  do  this  as  easily  as 
to  solve  ordinary  mathematical  prob- 
lems, or  to  reduce  to  practice  any 
other  department  of  a  common  school 
education. 

It  must  be  confessed,  that  although 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  7 

short-hand  Phonography  has  been 
before  the  public  about  eighteen 
years,  it  has  made  but  little  advance- 
ment, and  has  almost  utterly  failed 
to  produce  on  the  general  mind  an 
impression  of  its  usefulness  ;  in- 
deed, it  is  looked  upon  with  about  as 
much  incomprehensiveness  as  was 
the  art  of  telegraphing  when  its  an- 
nouncement first  startled  the  world, 
and  comparatively  speaking,  but  few 
have  as  yet  availed  themselves  of  its 
advantages.  This,  however,  is  not  to 
be  attributed  to  any  inherent  defect 
in  the  art  itself,  but  rather  to  that 
intricate  complication  into  which 
the  various  authors  of  the  phonetic 
and  stenographic  art  have  left  it  in- 
volved. They  have  incorporated  in 
these  various  systems  of  Short-hand 


8  A   NEW 

so  many  niceties,  that  their  acqtuk 
sition  is  rendered  extremely  difficult 
even  in  theory  and  in  practice  much 
m'ore  so.  It  is  true  that  many  of 
these  attachments  may  be  omitted 
by  the  advanced  phonographer,  but 
nevertheless,  their  introduction  ren- 
ders the  art  cumbersome  and  imprac- 
tical, at  least  to  ordinary  minds,  that 
is,  in  rapid  writing.  It  is  from  this 
cause  that  we  find  so  many  individ- 
uals who  have  taken  the  ordinary 
number  of  lessons  in  Short-Hand  wri- 
ting and  afterwards  entirely  aban- 
doned its  practice.  They  have 
proceeded  just  far  enough  to  have 
become  convinced  that  unless  they 
devoted  their  whole  time  to  its  prac- 
tice, they  could  never  become  even 
ordinary  proficients  in  its  execution. 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  9 

But  in  addition  to  these  imprac- 
ticable superfluities,  which  to  a  great- 
er or  less  extent  attach  to  all  sys* 
terns  of  phonography  and  stenogra- 
phy, there  are  two  principles  they 
all  contain  which  must  forever  pre- 
vent them  from  becoming  a  regular 
branch  of  popular  education.  These 
are,  the  independent  characters  for 
vowel  signs  and  for  the  numerous  oth- 
er sounds  of  our  language ;  such,  for 
instance  as  long  and  short  vowels, 
diphthongs,  and  triphthongs,  etc.,  in- 
including  those  formed  by  the  con- 
nection of  y  and  w  with  vowels, 
adding  in  all  about  fifty  characters 
to  the  alphabet  independent  of  the 
consonants,  for  which  each  has  its 
peculiar  character.  The  necessi- 
ty for  these  signs  is  entirely  super- 


10  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

ceded,  with  the  exception  of  three 
which  will  appear  in  the  lessons,  by 
our  system  of  the  incorporation  of 
vowels  with  the  consonants. 

We  are  aware  that  vowels,  to  a 
great  extent,  may  he  omitted,  and 
yet  the  sound  of  the  word  be  preserv- 
ed in  a  manner  sufficiently  clear  to 
be  understood  simply  by  writing  the 
consonants ;  such,  for  instance,  as 
the  noun  people,  which  would  be 
perfectly  understood  by  writing 
p-p-1.  But  to  omit  vowels  altogeth- 
er, is  equivalent  to  having  written 
unintelligibly,  even  to  the  writer 
himself  after  a  few  hours  interval. 

If  these  vowel  signs,  especially 
those  which  have  their  sound  in 
words,  are  written,  although  com- 
posed of  simple  dots  and  dashes,  it 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.       11 

is  in  our  opinion,  utterly  impossible 
for  the  hand  of  man  to  keep  pace 
with  even  a  very  moderate  speaker. 

But  on  our  principle  of  incorpora- 
ting the  vowels  which  are  essential 
to  the  proper  sound  of  words,  with 
the  consonants  they  contain,  the 
time  consumed  will  be  so  trifling, 
that  the  most  rapid  speaker  may  be 
followed  with  ease,  writing  every 
word  he  utters  in  its  full  sound,  and 
perfectly  intelligible,  not  only  to 
himself,  but  equally  to  all  others  who 
Jiave  learned  the  system. 

The  other  fundamental  difficulty 
to  which  we  have  referred,  is  that  of 
the  analysis  of  words,  which  is  indis- 
pensable to  the  phonetic  art ;  yet  in 
Mr.  Pitman's  system  of  analysis, 
there  is  involved  so  much  nicety  of 


12  A    NEW    SYSTEM 


discrimination  in  sounds,  that  it  can 
be  mastered  but  by  few,  while  our 
principle  of  analysis  consists  in  the 
simplest  form  of  elementary  syllab- 
ication ;  such  for  instance  as  ba,  be, 
bi,  bo,  bu  and  ab,  eb,  ib,  ob,  ub,  etc. 

The  facility  which  a  practical 
knowledge  of  this  art  tends  to  en- 
hance, a  ready  and  extensive  use  of 
our  own  language,  presents  no  incon- 
siderable motive  to  its  attainment; 

There  is,  perhaps,  no  department 
of  literary  acquisition  so  highly 
prized  and  universally  appreciated, 
as  a  fluent  use  of  words  philologi- 
cally  expressed. 

The  saying,  "it  is  not  so  much 
what,  but  how  it  is  said,"  is  at  the 
present  day  emphatically  true,  and 
although  the  principle  may  be  de- 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  13 

fective,  it  does  nevertheless  suggest 
the  standard  by  which  all  public 
efforts,  whether  written  or  extem- 
pore, are  measured,  and  to  ignore 
its  existence,  no  matter  how  true 
and  exalted  the  ideas,  or  from  what- 
ever source  they  may  emanate,  by 
being  clothed  in  very  ordinary  and 
undignified  language,  nevertheless 
they  die  like  the  speaker's  voice  oil 
the  ear,  or  are  only  remembered 
with  a  kind  of  pitiful  contempt. 

On  the  contrary,  an  individual 
may  be  poor,  and  even  illy  clad,  and 
yet  if  he  is  heard  to  use  good  lan- 
guage in  common  conversation,  he 
not  only  attracts  the  attention  of  all 
who  hear  him,  but  instinctively 
wins  their  esteem. 

Individuals  may  acquire  an   ex- 


14  A   NEWI   SYSTEM 

tensive  knowledge  of  science  and 
art,  and  even  become  what  is  tech- 
nically called  literary  men — in  fact, 
they  may  become  theoretic  linguists 
in  the  dead  languages,  and  yet  ex- 
hibit in  common  conversation,  and 
in  all  attempts  at  extempore  speak- 
ing, a  very  limited  and  imperfect 
use  of  their  own  native  language. 
How  few  persons,  comparatively 
speaking,  are  fluent  conversational- 
ists able  from  the  impulse  of  the  mo- 
ment to  command  that  selection 
and  arrangement  of  words,  in  which 
to  present  their  ideas  with  that 
beauty  and  eloquence  necessary  to 
give  them  effectiveness.  "  HQW 
forcible  are  right  words,"  was  a 
very  ancient  saying. 

It  is  here,  we  apprehend,  is  found 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  15 

the  necessity  for  written,  instead  of 
extemporaneous  speaking: 

If,  therefore,  Phonography  is  cal- 
culated to  remedy  this  deplorable 
evil  of  the  times,  its  value  can  be 
but  very  inadequately  appreciated. 

That  such  is  its  obvious  tendency, 
must  be  evident  from  the  fact  that 
it  enables  its  practitioners  to  write 
so  much  in  so  short  a  period  of  time, 
as  well  as  by  its  pronouncing  divi- 
sion of  words,  familiarizing  the 
mind  with  them,  that  they  are 
retained  and  easily  reduced  to 
practice. 

But  it  has  been  truly  said  of  the 
phonographic  art,  that  it  is  unsur- 
passed for  mental  discipline,  even 
by  the  study  of  mathematics.  The 
conceutrative  powers  of  the  mind 


16  A    NEW    SYSTEM 

are  developed  by  the  habit  of  dis- 
missing from  it  all  other  matters, 
but  simply  the  words  which  flow 
from  the  living  speaker,  to  a  degree 
unequalled  by  any  other  intellectual 
pursuit,  and  hence  is  acquired  the 
power  of  close  reasoning. 
There  are  also  moral  effects  which 
its  associations  necessarily  produce 
on  the  minds  of  those  who  reduce  its 
principles  to  practice.  They  mingle 
not  with  the  ignorant  and  vicious, 
but  with  the  intellectual  and  refined, 
hence  according  to  the  changeless 
law  of  equalization,  their  moral  as 
well  as  intellectual  nature  must  be- 
come refined  and  elevated. 

But  further  than  this  the  short- 
hand Phonographer  may  reasonably 
expect  a  pecuniary  compensation  for 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  17 

his  labors,  equaled  by  but  few  call- 
ings among  men.  In  confirmation 
of  this,  we  may  refer  to  the  fact  that 
there  are  young  men  now  receiving 
from  one  to  two  hundred  dollars  per 
month  for  their  services,  who,  if 
they  were  without  a  practical  know- 
ledge of  this  great  art,  would  not, 
perhaps,  be  able  to  demand  more 
than  twenty-five  dollars  per  month. 
The  advantages  it  affords  in  this 
respect,  come  more  especially  to  that 
class  of  young  men  whose  circum- 
stances in  life  have  been  unfavor- 
able to  enable  them  to  arrive  at  that 
degree  of  intellectual  eminence  for 
which  their  organization  adequate- 
ly qualifies  them.  As  it  combines 
so  much  of  art  with  science  and 
philosophy,  it  is  the  very  element 


18  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

for  the  mind  of  the  mechanic-arti- 
zan,  calling  into  action  his  inventive 
genius  and  imitative  powers  of 
form,  structure,  and  accurate  mea- 
surement of  lines,  circles  and  an- 
gles. 

Let  those,  therefore,  who  have 
been  thus  deprived,  but  master  this 
great  art,  and  the  star  of  hope  will 
again  shed  its  benignant  rays  on 
their  pathway,  and  of  whom  it  may 
no  more  be  said : 

"But  knowledge,  to  their  eyes,  her  ample  page, 
Rich  with  the  spoils  of  time,  did  ne'er  unroll ; 
Chill  penury  repressed  their  noble  rage, 
And  froze  the  genial  current  of  the  soul." 

EXPLANATIONS. 

The  reason  why  we  add  the  term 
Kyriologic  to  that  of  Phonography, 
as  descriptive  of  our  system  of 
short-hand  writing,  is  because  it 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  19 

contains  signs  representing  in  their 
alphabetical  order  of  syllabication 
all  the  consonant  and  vowel  sounds 
in  the  English  language.  The  sig- 
nification of  the  term  kyriologic 
being  to  represent  objects  by  con- 
ventional signs,  in  their  elementary 
sounds,  hence  the  original  Greek 
alphabet  was  called  Kyriologic,  be- 
cause it  consisted  of  sixteen  letters, 
which  represented  so  many  pure 
elementary  sounds. 

The  term  Phonography  is  derived 
from  two  Greek  words — phone  and 
graph  em,  the  first  of  which  signifies 
sound  or  voice,  and  the  other  to 
write  the  voice,  hence  the  name 
Kyriological  Phonography.  We 
have  used  the  term  Phonograph  to 
describe  a  simple  consonant,  or  a 


20  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

consonant  and  vowel,  when  uttered 
by  a  single  syllable.  In  the  forma- 
tion of  the  curved  signs,  it  will  be 
observed,  we  have  divided  the  circle 
into  twelve  parts.  By  thus  extend- 
ing its  division  from  eight,  and  in- 
cluding six  line  signs,  we  have 
obtained  a  sufficient  number  of  al- 
phabetical characters  to  represent 
all  the  sounds  contained  in  the 
English  language,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  three,  which  are  occasionally 
met  with,  and  for  which  three  dis- 
tinct characters  are  provided.  We 
are  aware  that  it  may  be  supposed 
at  first  sight  that  signs  differing  in 
structure  no  more  than  these  do, 
are  in  danger  of  being  confounded 
with  each  other,  but  this  liability  is 
obviated  by  the  introduction  of  what 


OP   PHONOGRAPHY.  21 

we  denominate  "accommodation 
signs"  to  be  used  in  certain  cases  as 
substitutes.  Indeed,  our  system  is 
not  so  much  exposed  in  this  respect 
as  any  other  extant.  This  is  evi- 
dent from  the  fact  that  all  others 
write  their  consonants  in  pairs, 
occupying  the  same  position,  and 
differing  only  by  one  of  them  being 
heavier  than  the  other. 

In  order  to  show  the  comparative 
safety  of  our  system  in  this  respect, 
let  us  introduce  a  comparison  :  Mr. 
Pitman's  system  writes  the  conson- 
ants T  and  D  thus  |  J  ,  while  we 
write  them  thus  |  /  ;  it  writes  F 
and  V  thusv^,  while  we  write 
them  thus  \  -S ;  the  v  always  com- 
menced from  below  and  struck 
upwards,  which  fact  alone  would 


22  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

distinguish  it  from  C  made  thus,  y 
which  stands  on  more  of  a  perpen-r 
dicular  angle,  as  well  as  being 
always  struck  downwards. 

It  is  true  that  we  employ  the  light 
and  heavy  signs,  but  we  only  so 
use  them  to  denote  the  connection 
of  vowels  with  the  consonants,  and 
also  to  designate  what  vowels  are  so 
connected,  and  though  there  is  equal 
danger  of  confounding  the  one  with 
the  other,  by  the  one  not  being 
made  heavy  enough,  or  too  heavy, 
yet  in  our  system  this  danger  only 
consists  in  regard  to  the  vowels, 
while  in  that  of  all  other  systems  it 
consists  in  the  liability  of  confound- 
ing different  consonants. 

It  is  also  proper  here  to  remark 
that  our  alphabet  contains  only 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 

twenty-five  characters,  and  which, 
by  the  incorporation  of  the  vowels 
into  them,  as  we  shall  see,  are  capa- 
ble of  representing  all  the  sounds  in 
our  language.  In  comparison  with 
this,  Mr.  Pitman's  system  contains 
an  alphabet  of  sixty-eight  distinct 
characters.  It  is  true,  we  do  not 
make  dissimilar  signs  to  indicate  the 
long  and  short  vowels  as  applicable 
to  all  words.  The  reason  for  this  is 
found  in  the  fact  that  we  write  all 
the  vowels  and  consonants  which 
essentially  effect  the  proper  sound 
of  words,  in  the  regular  -order  in 
which  they  occur,  and,  therefore, 
rendering  such  characters  as  unne- 
cessary as  they  would  be  in  common 
long-hand  writing.  But  provision  is 
made  in  our  Eighth  principle  of  ab- 


24  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

breviation,  by  the  use  of  the  inde- 
pendent vowel  signs,  to  write  all 
words  in  their  proper  sounds,  in 
which  the  accent  falls  on  the  first 
letter,  or  syllable,  and  which,instead 
of  consuming  time  to  write,  renders 
such  words  susceptible  of  being  more 
rapidly  written,  as  well  as'of  adding 
to  them  a  feature  of  identity  by 
which  they  are  more  easily  read. 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  25 

First  Principle  of  Abbreviation. 

PHONETIC    ALPHABET. 


m  — 

«    1 

n  - 

d   / 

r    > 

b    \ 

i  r 

P  x 

t  V 

J    N 

I 

k  _ 

g  s- 

ch  ^ 

V   -S 

sh^ 

h   s- 

wh  /^ 

W    ~^. 

qu  w 

S      ) 

x  X 

th    ( 

y  U 

26  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

This  consists  in  the  formation  of 
the  Phonetic  alphabet,  comprising 
simply  straight  lines  and  curves, 
each  of  which  requiring  but  a  sin- 
gle stroke  of  the  pen. 

Now,  if  we  contrast  the  compli- 
cated formation  of  the  characters 
composing  our  common  long-hand 
writing,  and  count  the  number  of 
distinct  motions  of  the  hand  requi- 
site to  make  them,  with  these  sim- 
ple lines  and  curves,  we  will  see 
that  a  great  amount  of  unnecessary 
time  is  thus  consumed.  To  illus- 
trate :  It  requires  five  distinct 
motions  of  the  pen  to  form  the 
letter  h,  and  as  many  for  that  of  y, 
and  for  z  ;  in  fact,  the  formation  of 
our  long-hand  alphabetical  charac- 
ters requires,  on  an  average,  about 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.       21' 

four  distinct  motions  of  the  pen, 
while  the  phonetic  characters  de- 
mand but  one  for  each  ;  thus  we 
have  a  saving  of  four  hundred  per 
cent.,  or  four  times  the  amount  of 
labor  accomplished  by  short-hand 
in  the  same  time,  than  by  that  of 
common  long-hand  writing.  And 
it  should  also  be  remembered  that  a 
rapid  long-hand  writer  can  pen 
words  one-sixth  as  fast  as  they  are 
uttered  by  an  ordinary  speaker. 

The  alphabetical  characters  should 
be  written  as  light  and  even  as  possi- 
ble where  there  are  no  vowels 
connected  with  them,  the  curve 
lines  be  made  full  as  curving  and 
rather  more  so  than  they  are  in  the 
book,  at  least  new  beginners  should 
do  so,  in  order  that  the  writing  may 


28  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

be  easier  to  read,  and  also  when  a 
vowel  is  incorporated  with  a  conso- 
nant, that  part  of  the  latter  should 
be  written  as  light  as  possible,  in 
which  the  vowel  does  not  occur. 
Second  Principle  of  Abbreviation. 
This  principle  consists  in  the 
incorporation  of  the  vowels  with 
the  consonants. 

By  making  any  consonant  heavy 
at  the  last  end  formed,  it  includes 
the  vowel  A,  and  likewise,  by  ma- 
king it  heavy  at  the  first  end  form- 
ed, it  includes  the  vowel  E;  by 
making  it  comparatively  heavy  all 
the  length  includes  the  vowel  I ; 
by  making  it  very  heavy,  it  in* 
eludes  the  vowel  0 ;  by  making  it 
heavy  in  the  middle  it  includes  the 
vowel  U ;  and  by  making  it  with  a 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  29 

dot  at  either  end  it  includes  that 
of  Y.  The  following  example  il- 
lustrates this  principle  : 

Full  Length   Signs, 
t     ta     te     ti     to     tu     ty 

I    I     !     I     i     I     1 

th  tha  the  thi  tho  thu  thy 

(i    (    (   (    (    ( 

Half  Length  Signs, 
at         et         it         ot         ut 

i        r        i        i        < 

ath       eth       ith       oth      uth 

I  f  (   •      -I '      '   < 

In  this  example  it  will  be  per- 
ceived that  the  consonants  T  and 
TH,  with  the  vowels  incorporated 
into  them,  arc  made  full  and  half 
length.  This  difference  in  length 
denotes  whether  the  vowels  incor- 
porated into  them  precede  or  sue- 


30  A   NEW    SYSTEM 

ceed  them  in  the  words  written. 
The  principle  being  that  if  a  vowel 
is  sounded  with  a  consonant,  and 
follows  it  in  the  word,  the  consonant 
is  made  full  length,  but  if  it  precedes 
it  in  the  word,  the  consonant  is  then 
only  made  half  length.  This  simple 
principle,  therefore,  and  which  ap- 
plies to  all  the  consonants,  denotes, 
with  undeviating  certainty,  the 
position  of  all  vowels  in  words,  and 
by  thus  forming  the  consonants,  it 
as  precisely  indicates  what  the  vow- 
els are.  Care  should  be  taken  not  to 
make  the  short  consonants  any  long- 
er than  half  the  length  of  those  of 
full  size.  In  writing  the  half  length 
signs  for  it  and  ith,  they  need  only 
be  written  light,  as  their  length  de- 
motes that  a  vowel  precedes  them, 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  31 

and  as  that  vowel  cannot  be  a,  for 
then  it  would  be  made  heavy  at  the 
last  end,  and  it  cannot  be  e,  for  then 
it  would  be  made  heavy  at  the  first 
end,  neither  can  it  be  o,  for  then  it 
would  be  made  all  the  way  heavy, 
nor  u,  for  then  it  would  be  made 
heavy  in  the  middle,  it  must,  there- 
fore, be  the  vowel  i.  We  have  used 
the  terms  first  and  last  ends  to  de- 
signate the  commencement  and 
termination  of  consonants,  instead 
of  upper  and  lower  end.  The  rea- 
son for  this  is  that  some  of  the  con- 
sonants are  horizontal  and  others 
are  struck  upwards ;  this  is  true  of 
h,  p  and  v,  which  always  commence 
on  the  line  and  are  struck  upwards  ; 
/,  also,  may  be  struck  either  up  or 
down — that  is,  when  there  is  no 


32  A   NEW    SYSTEM 

vowel  connected  with  it,  but  when 
there  is,  it  is  always  struck  down- 
wards. The  principle,  therefore, 
is,  that  to  incorporate  the  vowel  a 
with  any  consonant,  the  last  end  of 
it  must  be  made  heavy,  and  the  first 
end  of  it  must  be  made  heavy,  in 
order  to  include  the  vowel  e,  with- 
out regard  to  their  various  positions. 
Let  us  introduce  a  few  compari- 
sons, in  order  to  show  the  superiority 
of  our  system,  by  thus  incorporating 
the  vowels  with  the  consonants,  as 
well  as  its  rapidity  with  common 
long-hand.  Mr.  Pitman  writes  the 
phonograph  th,  thus  (  ,  requiring 
one  movement  of  the  pen,  while, 
with  the  same  stroke,  we  include  in 
it  any  of  the  vowels.  To  illustrate, 
take  the  word  Though.  This  word, 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  33 

in  long-hand,  requires  twenty-four 
motions  of  the  hand,  while  Mr. 
Pitman  writes  it  with  three,  thus  (-, 
the  dash  for  the  vowel  0,  but  we 
write  it  with  one,  thus  (  He 

writes  the  word  Take  thus  ?| ,  in 

four  motions  of  the  pen,  while  we 

write  it  in  two,  | ,  and  syllabilize 

it  ta-k.  We  write  the  word  them 
thus  f  ,  requiring  but  two  motions  of 
the  pen,  but  which  to  write  in  long 
hand  requires  sixteen,  and  the  mo- 
tions requisite  to  the  formation  of 
these  characters  may  be  made  as 
rapidly  as  those  used  in  long-hand, 
after  the  alphabet  of  the  one  be- 
comes as  familiar  as  the  other.  In 
this  principle  alone  there  is  a  saving 
of  at  least  four  hundred  per  cent,  in 
time,  between  the  writing  of  long 


•34 


A   NEW   SYSTEM 


and  short-hand,  and  about  one  hun- 
dred between  our  system  and  Mr. 
Pitman's. 
Third  Principle  of  Abbreviation. 

This  principle  consists  in  alpha- 
betical and  un-alphabetical  charac- 
ters to  be  used  as  prefixes  and 
affixes,  suffixes  or  terminations, 
words  employed  interchangeably. 
The  place  for  prefixes  to  occupy  is 
about  one-eighth  of  an  inch  above 
the  line,  and  the  perpendicular  pre- 
fixes should  never  come  down  any 
nearer  the  line  of  writing  than  this, 
and  the  terminations,  as  well  as  the 
prefixes,  must  be  made  as  near  to 
the  phonographs  which  they  precede 
or  follow,  as  possible,  so  as  not  to 
touch  them,  with  the  exception  of 
those,  which  will  hereafter  be  ex- 
plained, in  order  that  they  may  not 
be  confounded  with  other  phono- 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY. 


35 


graphs.  Any  number  of  these 
which  successively  occur  in  words 
may  be  used  each  of  which  must  fol- 
low, or  precede  the  parts  of  the  words 
for  which  they  stand;  prefixes  pre- 
cede the  signs  in  the  column  and 
those  representing  the  terminations 
succeed  the  signs: — 

Prefixes. 

he'! 

me  )' 

lo/' 

ro/ 

tra/ 

fa/ 
ver  \ 


con  | 
com 


nconr-  • 
reconx 

recom  \ 


enter  — 


dis/ 
trans 


crcum  0 
eery 
county 

inter  *- 
sub  ) 
grat  v_ 


16  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

oppX  organ- 

over-'  under 


add/  cen  sen/ 

pre  x  pruX 

priX  proX 
miss  0 

Affixes  or  prefixes, 

tary  |  tre  | 

ter  -  ber  \ 

der/  pie/7 


ble\  caiy 

mon  ~,  bro  \ 

lect/^  formo 

Terminations. 

i  ate  —  ence 

\  ing  *— ance 

j  tion 
I  ious 


/  ment 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  37 

f  ology 

|  tory  |  tude 

.evolve  [  ties 

\  ability  (\  ism 

Vgence  ^ted 

,/ded  )    ist 


na   "~^    tive     arctic     la  ft  ity 

Signs  for  the  sounds,  of  oo,  ang, 
ung,  and  ong,   illustrated: — 

1  The  dash  for  oo  to  be  made 
without  taking  off  the  pen. 
s  )•  ang.  A  heavy  dot  on  the  con- 
vex side  of  Phonographs,  s  •)  ung. 
A  heavy  dot  on  the  concave  side. — 
s  -)  oug  is  a  dash. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that 
the  convex  side  of  curves  corres- 
ponds with  the  left  hand  and  upper 
sides  of  the  straight  line  phono- 
graphs, and  the  concave  side  of 
curves  with  that  of  the  right  hand 
and  under  side  of  the  same.  It 

448374 


38  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

should  also  be  observed  that  the  dot 
and  dash  prefixes  which  represent 
different  ones  by  being  placed  on 
different  sides  of  other  phonographs, 
should    be  located  near   the   com- 
mencement of   such    phonographs, 
and  when  they  represent  termina- 
tions, they  should   be  placed  near 
the  ends.     We   form   the  sound  of 
au  as  in  the  word  taught,  by  substi- 
tuting the  consonant  w  for  the  vow- 
el u,  and  incorporating  the  vowel  a 
into  it,  thus,   Illustration : — t  vt. — 
To  obtain   the  sound  of  oi   in  toil, 
we  substitute  the  consonant  y  for  i 
and  incorporate  into  it  the  vowel  o, 
thus,  t  y  1.    The  dipthong  ow,  as  in 
the  word   plow,  is  made  simply  by 
making  the   w  half  length  heavy, 
thus,  pis,  and  that  of  ah  in  the 
word  cat,  thus,  c  ^-t. 
Fourth  Principle  of  Abbreviation, 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.        3|)' 

This  principle  consists  in  the  sub- 
stitution of  what  we  term  "Accom- 
modation Phonographs,"  to  be  used 
in  the  place  of  long-sign  phonographs 
when  there  are  no  vowels  necessari- 
ly incorporated  with  them,  so  as  to 
essentially  affect  the  proper  pro- 
nunciation of  the  words  to  be  writ- 
ten, but  those  accommodation  signs 
which  include  vowels  themselves, 
may  also  be  written  in  this  form, 
instead  of  using  the  long  signs.  It 
should,  however,  be  remarked  that 
there  are  words  in  writing  which  it 
is  easier  to  use  the  long  signs,  even 
when  there  are  no  vowels  to  be  in- 
corporated with  them;  this  the 
learner  will  soon  discover  as  he 
advances  in  the  practice  of  the  art. 
We  may  also  here  remark  that  a 
word  should  not  only  be  written  the 
•easiest  way,  but  it  should  be  always 


40  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

written  the  same  way,  by  which 
means  we  keep  in  harmony  with  the 
law  of  habit. 

Some  of  the  advantages  in  using 
the  accommodation  phonographs  for 
the  long  signs  are  :  First,  they  are 
easier  made.  Secondly,  they  occu- 
py less  space.  Thirdly,  they  are 
more  legible. 

The  first  of  these  signs  are  g  and 
n,  both  of  which  we  here 
attach  to  the  consonant  v,  as  they 
occur  in  the  word  given.  The  sub- 
stitute g  is  formed  by  a  small  circle 
on  the  convex  side  of  the  curved 
phonographs  and  on  the  left-hand 
side  of  the  perpendicular  line  signs, 
and  also  on  the  upper-side  of  the 
inclined  and  horizontal  straight-line 
phonographs.  Illustration :  Take 
the  word  given  divided  thus,  g-v-n, 
The  n  is  the  hook.  Having 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  41 

been  thus  particular  in  describing 
the  sides  of  the  phonographs  to 
which  the  n  and  g  are  attached,  we 
will  hereafter  simply  designate  that 
side  of  the  phonographs  to  which 
the  other  accommodation  signs  are 
attached,  the  g  side,  and  also  the 
h  circle,  which  occupies  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  same,  the  h  side  of 
such  phonographs. 

The  next  of  these  signs  we  intro- 
duce is  the  h  and  m.  In  regard  to 
the  aspirate  h,  we  would  remark 
that  there  is  no  necessity  in  our  sys- 
tem to  so  designate  it,  inasmuch  as 
it  is  written  and  sounded  with  vow- 
els in  common  with  other  conso- 
nants, and  as  it  is  our  object  to 
simplify  as  far  as  possible  the  great 
art  of  phonography,  we  are  unwill- 
ing to  introduce  a  single  nicety 
which  is  not  absolutely  essential  to 


42  A  NEW    SYSTEM 

a  perfect  system  of  short-hand  wrir- 
ting.  The  short  signs  for  h  and  m, 
a  circle  and  a  hook,  are  the  same  as 
gand  n,  only  occupying  the  opposite 
side  of  the  long  signs  to  which  they 
are  attached.  As  an  example  take 
the  word  helm  divided  thus  h-l-m. 
The  illustration  si  /° 

The  accommodation  signs  for  s 
and  y  are  formed  by  a  small  dash 
and  a  dot  connected  with  other 
consonants.  As  an  example  take 
the  word,  sly  divided  thus  s-l-y :  the 
illustration  is  >  This  form  of  the 

s  includes  the  vowel  o,  by  making  it 
heavy.  As  an  example  take  the  word 
soda,  divided  so-da ;  the  illustration 
is  7  I*1  like  manner,  the  short  sign 

n  includes  the  vowel  o  by  making  it 
double  size.  As  an  example  take 
the  word  note,  divided  no-t ;  the  il- 


OF    PHONOGRAPHY.  4 a 

lustration  is  o    likewise,  the  short 

m  includes  the  o.     As  an  example 
take  the   word   mode  divided  thus 
mo-d ;  the  illustration  is  ^   .    The 
short  sign  for  v  is  a  loop         placed 
on  the  g  side  of  the  phonographs.  In 
this  illustration  we  will  also  connect 
the  re  hook,  which  is  also  made  on 
the  same  side  of  other  long  signs, 
with  the  g  and  n  differing  from  the 
latter    by  being   made    double   its 
length.      As   an  example  take  the 
word  receive,  divided  thus  re-c-v; 
the  illustration  is    n 

The  next  of  these  characters  is 
the  pa  and  er,  which  are  formed  by 
a  little  curl  at  the  former  end  or  the 
beginning  and  the  latter  at  the 
end  of  words.  Take  as  an  exam- 
ple the  word  paper,  divided  pa  p-er ; 
the  illustration  is  ^^  The  next 
of  these  we  intro^  duce  is  the 


44  A   NEW   SYSTEM 

we  loop  and  h,  hook;  these  are 
both  formed  on  the  h  side  of  the 
other  phonographs.  As  an  example 
take  the  word  weakly,  divided  thus 
we-k-ly ,  or  le;  the  illustration  is  ^  _, 
The  short  sign  for  la  is  a  curl 
formed  on  the  h  side  of  other  phono- 
graphs, at  least  commenced  on  that 
side.  As  an  example  take  the  word 
late,  divided  la-t ;  the  illustration  is 
<*-  This  curl  also  represents  the 

syllable  ra  when  it  is  formed  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  phonographs. 
Take  as  an  example  the  word  rate, 
divided  thus  ra-t ;  the  illustration  is 
-Q  These  two  curls,  when  made  at 

the  ends  of  words,  represent  rd  and 
rt.  An  example  of  the  first  is  in 
the  word  guard,  divided  thus  g-rd ; 
the  illustration  is  Vp ,  commencing 
on  the  h  side.  An  example  of  the 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  45 

rt  is  in  the  word  tart,  divided  thus 
t-rt ;  the  illustration  is  X-  The  other 
signs  which  are  not  made  without 
taking  of  the  pen,  some  of  which  are 
attached  to  the  succeeding  or  pre- 
ceding phonographs,  we  have 
associated  with  the  prefixes  and 
suffixes.  The  accommodation  signs 
for  x  and  z,  and  their  connection 
with  the  vowels  a  and  o,  are  thus 
illustrated :  X,  in  the  word  exit ; 
example  j  ,  the  line  drawn  across 
the  it,  is  x  or  ex,  if  the  x  precedes 
the  consonant,  it  is  made  near  the 
first  part  and  if  it  follows  near 
the  last  end,  by  making  the  x  hea- 
vy it  includes  the  vowel  o.  For  ex- 
ample, the  word  oxen  -»- .  By  ma- 
king the  last  part  of  it  heavy  it 
includes  the  vowel  a.  Example,  in 
the  word  tax  divided  t  ax  J. .  The 


46  A    NEW    SYSTEM 

accommodation  z  is  a  curve  crossing 
the  other  phonographs  in  the  same 
way.  Example,  in  the  word  zealous, 
divided  thus  z-l-us  /* 

Fifth  Principle  of  Abbreviation. 

This  principle  is  applicable  to  all 
words,  but  to  be  used  more  especial- 
ly in  long  words,  it  is  accomplished 
by  writing  the  two  first  phonographs 
in  the  word,  the  latter  crossing  the 
former.  As  an  example,  take  the 
sentence  "Pie  was  technically  right; 
the  illustration  is  /*""  '  4-  "^ 

Here  are  all  the  words  con- 
tained in  the  sentence  wrote  in  full, 
with  the  exception  of  technically  for 
which  we  have  written  the  phono- 
graphs t,  and  ek,  the  latter  acroes  the 
last  part  of  the  former  for  the  whole 
word.  This  principle  is  particularly 
useful  hi  reporting. 


OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  47 

SIXTH  PRINCIPLE  OF  ABBREVIATION. 

This  principle  consists  in  abbre- 
viating words  the  first  part  of  which 
are  represented  by  prefixes.  This 
is  accomplished  by  writing  the  pre- 
fix and  the  succeeding  phonograph 
in  the  word,  instead  of  writing  the 
whole  of  the  word.  When  this  is 
done,  the  prefix  must  be  made  close 
to  the  phonograph,  but  not  so  as  to 
touch  it,  and  which  is  always  to  be 
written  about  one -fourth  of  an  inch 
above  the  line.  As  an  example  take 
the  word  pretend  divided  thus  pre- 
tend ;  the  illustration  is  s*  \  Here 
we  have  written  the  four  .  first 
letters  of  the  word,  which  are  Miili- 
cient  by  the  connection  to  suggest 
the  meaning  of  the  word.  Often  by 
writing  the  prefix  alone  in  its  pro- 
per place  above  the  line,  the  word 
for  which  it  stands  may  easily  bo 
determined  by  the  connection;  the 


48  A    NEW    SYSTEM 

principle,  however,  is  that  a  suffi- 
cient number  of  the  following  con- 
sonants in  a  word  succeeding  the 
prefix  should  be  written  so  that  the 
word  for  which  they  stand  may  be 
readily  understood.  If  the  whole 
of  a  word  be  written,  including  the 
prefix,  then  the  phonograph  suc- 
ceeding the  prefix  must  touch  the 
prefix.  As  an  example  take  the 
word  proceed,  divided  thus  pro-c-d; 
the  illustration  is  ^  .  If  a  word 
is  all  written  by  /  the  use  of 
prefixes  and  suffixes,  then  none  of 
them  must  come  down  to  the  line  of 
writing.  As  an  example  take  the 
word  transgress,  divided  trans-gress ; 
the  illustration  is  IV^.  But  if  a 
word  is  not  repre  sented  in 

full  by  prefixes  and  terminations, 
then  the  principle  is  that  the  first 
phonograph  following  any  number  of 
them  in  such  word  must  touch  the 


OP   PHONOGRAPHY.  49 

line  of  writing ;  if  it  is  one  struck  up- 
wards, it  must  be  commenced  on 
the  line  of  writing,  and  if  down- 
wards, end  on  the  line,  and  if  it  is 
a  horizontal  character,  it  must  lay 
on  the  line. 
SEVENTH  PRINCIPLE  OF  ABBREVIATION. 

This  principle  consists  of  unal- 
phabetical  word  signs  composed  of 
dots,  dashes,  circles,  curves  and 
angles. 

These  characters,  not  being  con- 
nected with  the  alphabet,  will  be 
more  difficult  to  commit  to  memo- 
ry, although  so  few  in  comparison 
with  the  other  word  signs,  yet  by 
becoming  familiar  with  and  using 
them  instead  of  writing  out  the 
words  for  which  they  stand  in  full, 
greatly  simplifies  and  facilitates  the 
writing.  These  are  as  follows  : 


A  KEW  SYSTEM 


'  one, 
•  can 
now 

such 
%  must 
*  much 

vopen 
v  state 

*  some 

'  could 

L  here 

•  come 
.  done 

*  would 
,  should 

L.  most 
L  least 

'  shall 
i  first 
,  last 

before 
x  between 
N  because 

"•  fact 
ifail 
n   find 

1  a  or  an 

'  whether 

0  but 

i  and 

s  within 

o  alone 

,any 

,  without 

Oput 

"  cause 
-  work 
call 

1  were,  was 
i  little 

0  aware 

0  bring 
0  out 

"  from 
„  what 
m  word 

w  above 
^  upon 
v  about 

V  place 
A  also 
•shour 

A  unto 

A  until 

speak 

OF  PHONOGRAPHY.  51 

EIGHTH  PRINCIPLE  of  ABBREVIATION. 
This  consists  in  abbreviating 
those  words  which  commence  with 
an  accented  vowel,  and  is  applica- 
ble only  to  such  words.  This  is 
accomplished  by  the  use  of  the  vow- 
el signs,  to  be  used  as  prefixes,  and 
as  such  located  in  their  relation  to 
the  consonants  following  in  the 
word. 

The  following  is  an  example  of 
each  of  these  as  they  occur  in  the 

sound  of  the  several  words:  o<_ ak; 

ac-^way;  e-^ve;  i  _>ce;    u?th. 

VOWEL  SIGNS. 

a        e         i        o        u 

C  :>  J  C         ^ 

The  distinctive  positions  of  the 
vowel  signs  are  to  be  preserved 
without  regard  to  the  consonants  to 
which  they  are  attached.. 


52  A  NEW  SYSTEM 

NINTH  PRINCIPLE  OF  ABBREVIATION. 
This  consists  in  alphabetical  signs 
for  full  words.  These  phonographs 
are  to  be  written  under  the  line  of 
writing  the  perpendicular  charac- 
ters, commencing  on  the  line  and 
struck  downwards,  and  the  inclined 
or  horizontal  ones  laying  about  one- 
eighth  of  an  inch  under  the  line, 
with  a  proper  distance  preserved 
between  them,  so  that  in  reading  it 
will  be  seen  at  a  glance  that  they 
have  no  connection  with  the  phono- 
graphs of  other  words.  These 
signs,  although  numbering  over 
three  hundred,  yet  from  the  fact 
that  with  a  few  exceptions  they  are 
alphabetical  in  their  formation,  they 
are  easily  remembered.  The  word 
signs  represent  all  the  forms  which 
the  word  takes  for  which  they 
stand.  For  instance,  the  word  sign 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  53 

for  accomplish  also  represents  ac- 
complished, accomplishing,  accom- 
plishment, etc.;  .  the  grammatical 
construction  of  the  sentences  in 
which  they  occur  designates  what 
form  of  the  word  is  thus  represent- 
ed. These  remarks  also  apply  to 
unalphabetical  woi  Here 

we   have    about  n    hundred 

words  represented  by  one  and  two 
movements  of  the  hand,  and  by  ex- 
amining the  li<t  it  will  be  perceived 
that  great  care  has  been  taken  to 
select   those   words   which   are    of 
common  occurrence    in    our 
is,  inclu- 

the  unalphabetical  ones,  con- 
stitute about  one-half  of  all  those 
employed  in  pu 

hat  one   movement 
of  the  hand  ca:i  -ily  made  in 

the  came   time   one   syllable  of  a 


54  A  HEW  SYSTEM 

word  is  uttered,  that  this  whole 
class  of  words  can  be  written  with 
speaking  velocity  if  they  only  con- 
tain one  or  two  syllables  each; 
but  it  must  be  remembered  that 
they  contain,  on  an  average,  more 
than  four  syllables  each.  There- 
fore it  is  evident  from  this  princi- 
ple alone  and  which  is  only  one  of 
the  ten:  that  it  abbreviates  this  part 
of  our  language  to  less  than  one-half 
of  that  of  speaking  velocity,  and 
it  is  also  true  that  these  signs  can 
be  as  easily  committed  to  memory, 
so  that  each  phonograph  will  at 
sight,  suggest  the  word  for  which  it 
stands,  and  the  word  also  so  sug- 
gests the  phonograph,  as  that  these 
words,  or  any  equal  number  in  our 
language,  can  be  committed  to  mem- 
ory simply  as  it  regards  their  pro- 
per orthography.  An  objection  is 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  &5 

often  made  to  short-hand  writing, 
on  the  ground  that  there  are  so 
many  characters  to  be  committed  to 
memory.  But  the  objector  should 
remember  that  as  there  are  only 
about  one  hundred  words  in  the 
English  language  spelled  as  they 
are  pronounced,  it  is  as  neces- 
sary that  each  of  all  the  other 
words  used  must  be  committed  to 
memory  as  it  regards  their  ortho- 
graphy, in  order  that  they  be  writ- 
ten properly.  For  instance,  if  an 
individual  is  able  to  write  five 
thousand  words  of  our  language,  he 
has  had  to  commit  them  all  to  mem- 
ory, with  the  exception  of  less  than 
one  hundred. 

PUNCTUATION. 

This  is  provided  for  by  simply 
leaving  space?  between  words  where 
they  occur,  of  different  lengths,  ac- 


56 


A  NEW   SYSTEM 


cording  to  that  required.  For  the 
period,  two  inches ;  for  the  colon, 
one  inch  and  a  half;  for  the  semi- 
colon, one  inch ;  and  for  the  comma, 
one  half  inch. 


ALPHABETICAL 

FULL  WOED  SIGNS. 

J^_  (  always 
C   almost 

/  adapt 

<^  already 

j      acknowledge 

(  altogether 

}     associate 
J    astonish 

-/  accept 
>-i  answer 

~>   away 
^  avail 

J   account 

V,  affection 
j  accomplish 
(  atheist 
«/—  accord 

/  appear 
—  another 
j     acquaint 

N  able,  ability 
v  absent 

4    attend 
^»  achieve 

j  advantage 
^  administer 

^  among 

v.  again 

OF   PHONOGRAPHY. 


57 


S  against 

.***  compose 

1   attribute 

/  consider 

*\  arrange 

',    conscience 

"I  anything 
">  auxiliary 

) 

i  condition 

B  \  bid  ' 

j    continue 

\  believe 
\  bad  j 

1 

•    confess 

\  body 

\    confide 

\  better 
\  bible 
\  beauty 
\__  business 

\ 

J  cultivate 

^  compute 
v     con^re^ate 

^•»-               o       o 

Xo  began 

•—  conquer 

^  behind 

\    consume 

X^  benefit 

©   center 

Xj  become 

j  console 

£J  J   certain 

.S  converse 

•   celebrate 

'\  conjunction 

J  calculate 

.A  commune 

J  civil 

•  —  connect 

/  consequence 

}   constitute 

,*-"  comprehend 

«-*,  common 
\    combine 

b^  compare 

\ 

58 


A  NEW   STSTEM 


o"  circumstance 

/  difficult 

<y  child 

f 

U  Christian 

/  declare 

I/  chemistry 
I/  cherish 

J  develop 
^  deliver 

fr  character 
//  church 

^/  derange 
£  demonstrate 

D/  did 

^/  danger 

/  derive 
/  dark 

£  damage 

/  debt 

E  ^  eager 

/  down 

-^  evil 

/   duty 
/  design 

•~  enter 
/  educate 

y  destitute 

f    eternal 

S  dissolve 

)    establish 

/  differ 

•s  earth 

C 
c/  deny 

/  epistle 
^/  ever 

C  elevate 

t  exist 

v.  effect 

-TL  exhibit 

—  -  enemy 

?•  execute 

<\  enjoy 

f  element 

ex  engage 
^  especial 

c_  encourage 
f  extraordinary 

^  examine 

j*>  except 

OF   PHONOGRAPHY. 


59 


Fvfili 
^  full 

V  feel 

\^  father,  further 

V.  for 

^  forgive 

V(  physical 
\^  familiar 
^  finger 
v^  finish 
o  form 
dJ-^  give 
x^  gather 
V_  gentle 
*\  great 
V  good 
o—  general 
S  gospel 
\^  govern 
\^  generate 

^-  have 

heaven 
/*•  hand 
/*•  how 


human 
however 
henceforth 
history 
hitherto 
-  into 
ignorant 
instruct 
institute 
increase 
immediate 
indeed 

individual 

indulge 

inherit 

independent 

invite 

investigate 

intelligent 

indispensable 

image 
improve 
important 

interest 
impossible 


60 


A   NEW   SYSTEM 


~\   ineffectual 

x  impress 
J  XJust 
X  judge 
X  Jesus 
X  join 

K—  kind 
—  kingdom 
_.,  knowledge 


/•  letter 
/"  labor 
/  lesson 


S  language 
</"  legislate 
f  liberty 

men 

mind 
mother 


t  mystery 
i  myself 
manner 
manifest 

•  memory 
million 

•*  never 

•  neither 
name 


^  number 

3?  necessary 

»«9  notwithstand'g 

"-°  nevertheless 

~— *  near 

--o  nothing 

O  -^  over 

v-  origin 

\  obtain 

\  obedient 
^  ordinary 

'  opportunity 
No  object 
j  opinion 

t  otherwise 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY. 


61 


f  old  J  occasion  V.  offend 

(  other        *-  only          _  occur 
v,  own          s~  ocean      PX  prepar 
^  perfect    X  part         X  power 
X  purchase  /"•  present  />  people 
s?  perhaps  /°  pledge     /  pride 
/  *  purpose     /"principle  x*  peculiar 
x?  please   ^"privilege  O^-'  quick 
\j  question  vy  quantity  v,/  qualify 
Rarest     \right        >  ruin 
^  reason     *\  round     \responsible 
\  result     \  resolve  \  rather 
\  render    N^  regard    N^  remember 
\regular   ^^  remark  ^religion 
J)  receive  \reveal    ^/represent 

G^  recover  \  rebel       A    return 

> 

rejoice  \  reward  ^  )   spirit 
)   said  )  select     )   sign 

)  society  )   subject    )    system 

I  suggest  "J  study       t  sentiment 


]   strong 
"]  stand 
1  satisfy    N 
#  search    y 
J?     truth 

l  settle 
1  stood 
X  suppose 
O  short 
teach 

j  sympathy 
y  scripture 
)   singular 
J  susceptible 
j  take 

'62  A  NEW   SYSTEM 

J  together  \   toward    |_  testify 
|   tyrant     J  tend        (,  temperance 
(    there        [  that         (  thorough 
(  think         (thus        I  themselves 
[   thyself  J  thousand  (  therefore 
"jj  nyour    ^usual        —  under 
v-  ugly        i  utter          )  useless 
union    ^  unholy     ^ —  unkind 
J  vice  */  very         ^value 
voice     -'°  vegetate  ^  vindicate 
A  vision   "\y  -^  with  *\  where 
"\  walk     -^  world         ^  which 
^whoever  ^  wherever^  whatever 
Y  II  jet     [J  year          (J  youth 
U  yield      ]  witness      J   wisdom 

Z  (1  zeal 

TENTH  PRINCIPLE  OF    ABBREVIATION, 

this  coa  sists  of  signs  for  sentences: 

/  as  it  is   I  as  it  is  not  }.  as  it  is  said 

J  as  much  as  \>  as  good  as  </  did  not 

ydo  not  \^  for  instance  /  not  to  do 

|    to  be  c-'  not  only  so  ^    not  to  be 

/  to  do  -|_  so  it  is  said  ^  such  is  the 

1    so  it  is  /o  how  did  it  L  it  must  be 

it  is        is  it    v  if  it       if  ^  is 


OF   PHONOGRAPHY.  63 

(  as  the  case  may  be  J    it  is  not 
N   be  that  as  it  may    l  is  it  not 

d  for  ought  I  know  ^    if  it  is  true 
v*  if  the  question  was  k^it  would  be 

°      but  furthermore  i     ought  to  be 

/  Bought  to  do  °-  —  '  ought  not  to  be 
x  if  the  enquery  was  /°  had   not 

state  of  things    |  if  it  is  thought 
should  it  be        should  there  be 


(    there  is  to  be  ^  have  no  fault 

/•  all  that  is        {_  as  it  has  been 
I  i_as  might   have 

"[  on  the  present  °\     have   been 
^so  you  see  ^however  that  may  be 

J  so  as  to  be  (_  ^e  marc^  °^ 

\_  phonography          "|  stenography 


64  A  NEW   SYSTEM 

THE  LORD'S  PRAYER. 

EXAMPLE  OF  THE  SYSTEM  OF  WEITING. 


I  •  »       /  ^  *-        .         r  _ 

—  ^  i  *     /^ 


('•( 


VI 
^     ^ 

For  writing,  use  Battler's  best  hea- 
vy Printing  Paper,  which  should  be 
ruled.  Write  with  a  pen,  the  Foun- 
tain Pen  is  most  appropriate. 


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